爱我小说网

第92页（第1页）

thecuratelistenedtohimattentivelyandfeltthathewasamanofsoundunderstanding，andthattherewasgoodreasoninwhathesaid;sohetoldhimthat，beingofthesameopinionhimself，andbearingagrudgetobooksofchivalry，hehadburnedalldonquixotes，whichweremany;andgavehimanountofthescrutinyhehadmadeofthem，andofthosehehadcondemnedtothemesandthosehehadspared，withwhichthecanonwasnotalittleamused，addingthatthoughhehadsaidsomuchincondemnationofthesebooks，stillhefoundonegoodthinginthem，andthatwastheopportunitytheyaffordedtoagiftedintellectfordisyingitself;fortheypresentedawideandspaciousfieldoverwhichthepenmightrangefreely，describingshipwrecks，tempests，bats，battles，portrayingavaliantcaptainwithallthequalificationsrequisitetomakeone，showinghimsagaciousinforeseeingthewilesoftheenemy，eloquentinspeechtoencourageorrestrainhissoldiers，ripeincounsel，rapidinresolve，asboldinbidinghistimeasinpressingtheattack;nowpicturingsomesadtragicincident，nowsomejoyfulandunexpectedevent;hereabeauteousdy，virtuous，wise，andmodest;thereachristianknight，braveandgentle;herewless，barbarousbraggart;thereacourteousprince，gantandgracious;settingforththedevotionandloyaltyofvassals，thegreatnessandgenerosityofnobles."oragain，"saidhe，"theauthormayshowhimselftobeanastronomer，oraskilledcosmographer，ormusician，oroneversedinaffairsofstate，andsometimeshewillhavea插nceofingforwardasamagicianifhelikes.hecansetforththecraftinessofulysses，thepietyofaeneas，thevalourofachilles，themisfortunesofhector，thetreacheryofsinon，thefriendshipofeuryalus，thegenerosityofalexander，theboldnessofcaesar，theclemencyandtruthoftrajan，thefidelityofzopyrus，thewisdomofcato，andinshortallthefacultiesthatservetomakeanillustriousmanperfect，nowunitingtheminoneindividual，againdistributingthemamongmany;andifthisbedonewith插rmofstyleandingeniousinvention，aimingatthetruthasmuchaspossible，hewillassuredlyweaveawebofbrightandvariedthreadsthat，whenfini射d，willdisysuchperfectionandbeautythatitwillattaintheworthiestobjectanywritingcanseek，which，asisaidbefore，istogiveinstructionandpleasurebined;fortheunrestrictedrangeofthesebooksenablestheauthortoshowhispowers，epic，lyric，tragic，oric，andallthemoodsthesweetandwinningartsofpoesyandoratoryarecapableof;fortheepicmaybewritteninprosejustaswellasinverse."

插pterxlviii

inwhichthecanonpursuesthesubjectofthebooksofchivalry，withothermattersworthyofhiswit

"itisasyousay，senorcanon，"saidthecurate;"andforthatreasonthosewhohavehithertowrittenbooksofthesortdeserveallthemorecensureforwritingwithoutpayinganyattentiontogoodtasteortherulesofart，bywhichtheymightguidethemselvesandbeasfamousinproseasthetwoprincesofgreekandtinpoetryareinverse."

"imyself，atanyrate，"saidthecanon，"wasoncetemptedtowriteabookofchivalryinwhichallthepointsihavementionedweretobeobserved;andifimustownthetruthihavemorethanahundred射etswritten;andtotryifitcameuptomyownopinionofit，ishowedthemtopersonswhowerefondofthiskindofreading，tolearnedandintelligentmenaswellastoignorantpeoplewhocaredfornothingbutthepleasureoflisteningtononsense，andfromalliobtainedtteringapproval;neverthelessiproceedednofartherwithit，aswellbecauseitseemedtomeanupationinconsistentwithmyprofession，asbecauseiperceivedthatthefoolsaremorenumerousthanthewise;and，thoughitisbettertobepraisedbythewisefewthanapudedbythefoolishmany，ihavenomindtosubmitmyselftothestupidjudgmentofthesillypublic，towhomthereadingofsuchbooksfallsforthemostpart.

"butwhatmostofallmademeholdmyhandandevenabandonallideaoffinishingitwasanargumentiputtomyselftakenfromtheysthatareactednow-a-days，whichwasinthiswise:ifthosethatarenowinvogue，aswellthosethatarepureinventionasthosefoundedonhistory，are，allormostofthem，downrightnonsenseandthingsthathaveneitherheadnortail，andyetthepubliclistenstothemwithdelight，andregardsandcriesthemupasperfectionwhentheyaresofarfromit;andiftheauthorswhowritethem，andtheyerswhoactthem，saythatthisiswhattheymustbe，forthepublicwantsthisandwillhavenothingelse;andthatthosethatgobyruleandworkoutaplotordingtothewsofartwillonlyfindsomehalf-dozenintelligentpeopletounderstandthem，whilealltherestremainblindtothemeritoftheirposition;andthatforthemselvesitisbettertogetbreadfromthemanythanpraisefromthefew;thenmybookwillfarethesameway，afterihaveburntoffmyeyebrowsintryingtoobservetheprinciplesihavespokenof，andishallbethetailorofthecorner.andthoughihavesometimesendeavouredtoconvinceactorsthattheyaremistakeninthisnotiontheyhaveadopted，andthattheywouldattractmorepeople，andgetmorecredit，byproducingysinordancewiththerulesofart，thanbyabsurdones，theyaresothoroughlyweddedtotheirownopinionthatnoargumentorevidencecanweanthemfromit.

"iremembersayingonedaytooneoftheseobstinatefellows，tellme，doyounotrecollectthatafewyearsago，therewerethreetragediesactedinspain，writtenbyafamouspoetofthesekingdoms，whichweresuchthattheyfilledallwhoheardthemwithadmiration，delight，andinterest，theignorantaswellasthewise，themassesaswellasthehigherorders，andbroughtinmoremoneytotheperformers，thesethreealone，thanthirtyofthebestthathavebeensinceproduced?

"nodoubt，repliedtheactorinquestion，youmeanthe"isabe，"the"phyllis，"andthe"alexandra."

"thosearetheonesimean，saidi;andseeiftheydidnotobservetheprinciplesofart，andif，byobservingthem，theyfailedtoshowtheirsuperiorityandpleasealltheworld;sothatthefaultdoesnotliewiththepublicthatinsistsuponnonsense，butwiththosewhodontknowhowtoproducesomethingelse."theingratituderevenged"wasnotnonsense，norwasthereanyin"thenumantia，"noranytobefoundin"themer插ntlover，"noryetin"thefriendlyfairfoe，"norinsomeothersthathavebeenwrittenbycertaingiftedpoets，totheirownfameandrenown，andtotheprofitofthosethatbroughtthemout;somefurtherremarksiaddedtothese，withwhich，ithink，ilefthimratherdumbfoundered，butnotsosatisfiedorconvincedthaticoulddisabusehimofhiserror."

"youhavetoucheduponasubject，senorcanon，"observedthecuratehere，"thathasawakenedanoldenmityihaveagainsttheysinvogueatthepresentday，quiteasstrongasthatwhichibeartothebooksofchivalry;forwhilethedrama，ordingtotully，shouldbethemirrorofhumanlife，themodelofmanners，andtheimageofthetruth，thosewhicharepresentednow-a-daysaremirrorsofnonsense，modelsoffolly，andimagesoflewdness.forwhatgreaternonsensecantherebeinconnectionwithwhatwearenowdiscussingthanforaninfanttoappearinswaddlingclothesinthefirstsceneofthefirstact，andinthesecondagrown-upbeardedman?orwhatgreaterabsurditycantherebethanputtingbeforeusanoldmanasaswashbuckler，ayoungmanasapoltroon，ackeyusingfinnguage，apagegivingsageadvice，akingplyingasaporter，aprincesswhoisakitchen-maid?andthenwhatshallisayoftheirattentiontothetimeinwhichtheactiontheyrepresentmayorcantakece，savethatihaveseenaywherethefirstactbeganineurope，thesecondinasia，thethirdfini射dinafrica，andnodoubt，haditbeeninfouracts，thefourthwouldhaveendedinamerica，andsoitwouldhavebeenidinallfourquartersoftheglobe?andiftruthtolifeisthemainthingthedramashouldkeepinview，howisitpossibleforanyaverageunderstandingtobesatisfiedwhentheactionissupposedtopassinthetimeofkingpepinor插rlemagne，andtheprincipalpersonageinittheyrepresenttobetheemperorheracliuswhoenteredjerusalemwiththecrossandwontheholysepulchre，likegodfreyofbouillon，therebeingyearsinnumerablebetweentheoneandtheother?or，iftheyisbasedonfictionandhistoricalfactsareintroduced，orbitsofwhaturredtodifferentpeopleandatdifferenttimesmixedupwithit，all，notonlywithoutanysemnceofprobability，butwithobviouserrorsthatfromeverypointofviewareinexcusable?andtheworstofitis，thereareignorantpeoplewhosaythatthisisperfection，andthatanythingbeyondthisisaffectedrefinement.andthenifweturntosacreddramas-whatmiraclestheyinventinthem!whatapocryphal，ill-devisedincidents，attributingtoonesaintthemiraclesofanother!andeveninsecrystheyventuretointroducemiracleswithoutanyreasonorobjectexceptthattheythinksomesuchmiracle，ortransformationastheycallit，willeinwelltoastonishstupidpeopleanddrawthemtothey.allthistendstotheprejudiceofthetruthandthecorruptionofhistory，naymore，tothereproachofthewitsofspain;forforeignerswhoscrupulouslyobservethewsofthedramalookuponusasbarbarousandignorant，whentheyseetheabsurdityandnonsenseoftheysweproduce.norwillitbeasufficientexcusetosaythatthechiefobjectwell-orderedgovernmentshaveinviewwhentheypermitystobeperformedinpublicistoentertainthepeoplewithsomeharmlessamusementasionally，andkeepitfromthoseevilhumourswhichidlenessisapttoengender;andthat，asthismaybeattainedbyanysortofy，goodorbad，thereisnoneedtoydownws，orbindthosewhowriteoractthemtomakethemastheyoughttobemade，since，asisay，theobjectsoughtformaybesecuredbyanysort.tothisiwouldreplythatthesameendwouldbe，beyondalparison，betterattainedbymeansofgoodysthanbythosethatarenotso;forafterlisteningtoanartisticandproperlyconstructedy，thehearerwilleawayenlivenedbythejests，instructedbytheseriousparts，fullofadmirationattheincidents，hiswitssharpenedbythearguments，warnedbythetricks，allthewiserfortheexamples，inmedagainstvice，andinlovewithvirtue;forinallthesewaysagoodywillstimtethemindofthehearerbeheeversoboorishordull;andofallimpossibilitiesthegreatestisthatayendowedwithallthesequalitieswillnotentertain，satisfy，andpleasemuchmorethanonewantinginthem，likethegreaternumberofthosewhicharemonlyactednow-a-days.norarethepoetswhowritethemtobemedforthis;forsomethereareamongthemwhoareperfectlywellawareoftheirfaults，andknowwhattheyoughttodo;butasyshavebeasblemodity，theysay，andwithtruth，thattheactorswillnotbuythemunlesstheyareafterthisfashion;andsothepoettriestoadapthimselftotherequirementsoftheactorwhoistopayhimforhiswork.andthatthisisthetruthmaybeseenbythecountlessysthatamostfertilewitofthesekingdomshaswritten，withsomuchbrilliancy，somuchgraceandgaiety，suchpoli射dversification，suchchoicenguage，suchprofoundreflections，andinaword，sorichineloquenceandelevationofstyle，thathehasfilledtheworldwithhisfame;andyet，inconsequenceofhisdesiretosuitthetasteoftheactors，theyhavenotall，assomeofthemhave，easnearperfectionastheyought.otherswriteyswithsuchheedlessnessthat，aftertheyhavebeenacted，theactorshavetoflyandabscond，afraidofbeingpuni射d，astheyoftenhavebeen，forhavingactedsomethingoffensivetosomekingorother，orinsultingtosomenoblefamily.allwhichevils，andmanymorethatisaynothingof，wouldberemovedifthereweresomeintelligentandsensiblepersonatthecapitaltoexamineallysbeforetheywereacted，notonlythoseproducedinthecapitalitself，butallthatwereintendedtobeactedinspain;withoutwhoseapproval，seal，andsignature，nolocalmagistracyshouldallowanyytobeacted.inthatcaseactorswouldtakecaretosendtheirystothecapital，andcouldacttheminsafety，andthosewhowritethemwouldbemorecarefulandtakemorepainswiththeirwork，standinginaweofhavingtosubmitittothestrictexaminationofonewhounderstoodthematter;andsogoodyswouldbeproducedandtheobjectstheyaimathappilyattained;aswelltheamusementofthepeople，asthecreditofthewitsofspain，theinterestandsafetyoftheactors，andthesavingoftroubleininflictingpunishmentontheandifthesameorsomeotherpersonwereauthorisedtoexaminethenewlywrittenbooksofchivalry，nodoubtsomewouldappearwithalltheperfectionsyouhavedescribed，enrichingournguagewiththegraciousandprecioustreasureofeloquence，anddrivingtheoldbooksintoobscuritybeforethelightofthenewonesthatwouldeoutfortheharmlessentertainment，notmerelyoftheidlebutoftheverybusiest;forthebowcannotbealwaysbent，norcanweakhumannatureexistwithoutsomewfmusement."

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